Ned Batchelder

<!--

You can manually process this file with cog:

$ python -m pip install -r requirements.pip
$ python -m cogapp -rP README.md

On GitHub, it's generated by an action:

https://github.com/nedbat/nedbat/blob/main/.github/workflows/build.yml

-->

<!-- [[[cog

import base64
import datetime
import os
import sys
import time
from urllib.parse import quote, urlencode

import requests

def requests_get_json(url):
"""Get JSON data from a URL, with retries."""
headers = {}
token = None
if "github.com" in url:
token = os.environ.get("GITHUB_TOKEN", "")
if token:
headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {token}"

for _ in range(3):
sys.stderr.write(f"Fetching {url}\n")
resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
if resp.status_code == 200:
break
print(f"{resp.status_code} from {url}:", file=sys.stderr)
print(resp.text, file=sys.stderr)
time.sleep(1)
else:
raise Exception(f"Couldn't get data from {url}")
return resp.json()

def rounded_nice(n):
"""Make a good human-readable summary of a number: 1734 -> "1.7k"."""
n = int(n)
ndigits = len(str(n))
if ndigits <= 3:
return str(n)
elif 3 < ndigits <= 4:
return f"{round(n/1000, 1):.1f}k"
elif 4 < ndigits <= 6:
return f"{round(n/1000):d}k"
elif 6 < ndigits <= 7:
return f"{round(n/1_000_000, 1):.1f}M"
elif 7 < ndigits <= 9:
return f"{round(n/1_000_000):d}M"

def shields_url(
url=None,
label=None,
message=None,
color=None,
label_color=None,
logo=None,
logo_color=None,
):
"""Flexible building of a shields.io URL with optional components."""
params = {"style": "flat"}
if url is None:
url = "".join([
"/badge/",
quote(label or ""),
"-",
quote(message),
"-",
color,
])
else:
if label:
params["label"] = label
url = "https://img.shields.io" + url
if label_color:
params["labelColor"] = label_color
if logo:
params["logo"] = logo
if logo_color:
params["logoColor"] = logo_color
return url + "?" + urlencode(params)

def md_image(image_url, text, link, title=None, attrs=None):
"""Build the Markdown for an image.

image_url: the URL for the image.
text: used for the alt text and the title if title is missing.
link: the URL destination when clicking on the image.
title: the title text to use.
attrs: HTML attributes (switches to HTML syntax)
"""
if title is None:
title = text
assert "]" not in text
assert '"' not in title
if attrs:
img_attrs = " ".join(f'{k}="{v}"' for k, v in attrs.items())
return f'[]({link})'
else:
return f'[]({link})'

def badge(text=None, link=None, title=None, kwargs):
"""Build the Markdown for a shields.io badge."""
return md_image(image_url=shields_url(kwargs), text=text, link=link, title=title)

def badge_mastodon(server, handle):
"""A badge for a Mastodon account."""
# https://github.com/badges/shields/issues/4492
# https://docs.joinmastodon.org/methods/accounts/#lookup
url = f"https://{server}/api/v1/accounts/lookup?acct={handle}"
followers = requests_get_json(url)["followers_count"]
return badge(
label=f"@{handle}", message=rounded_nice(followers),
logo="mastodon", color="96a3b0", label_color="450657", logo_color="white",
text=f"Follow @{handle} on Mastodon ({followers})", link=f"https://{server}/@{handle}",
)

def badge_bluesky(handle):
"""A badge for a Bluesky account."""
url = f"https://public.api.bsky.app/xrpc/app.bsky.actor.getProfile?actor={handle}"
followers = requests_get_json(url)["followersCount"]
return badge(
label=f"Bluesky", message=rounded_nice(followers),
logo="icloud", label_color="3686f7", color="96a3b0", logo_color="white",
text=f"Follow {handle} on Bluesky ({followers})", link=f"https://bsky.app/profile/{handle}",
)

def badge_stackoverflow(userid):
"""A badge for a Stackoverflow account."""
data = requests_get_json(f"https://api.stackexchange.com/2.3/users/{userid}?order=desc&sort=reputation&site=stackoverflow")["items"][0]
rep_points = rounded_nice(data["reputation"])
gold = rounded_nice(data["badge_counts"]["gold"])
silver = rounded_nice(data["badge_counts"]["silver"])
bronze = rounded_nice(data["badge_counts"]["bronze"])
sp = "\N{THIN SPACE}"
return badge(
logo="stackoverflow", logo_color=None, label_color="333333", color="e6873e",
message=(
f"{rep_points} "
+ f"\N{LARGE YELLOW CIRCLE}{sp}{gold} "
+ f"\N{MEDIUM WHITE CIRCLE}{sp}{silver} "
+ f"\N{LARGE BROWN CIRCLE}{sp}{bronze}"
),
text="Stack Overflow reputation", link=data["link"],
)

def data_url(image_file):
"""Read an image file and return a self-contained data URL."""
assert image_file.endswith((".png", ".jpg"))
with open(image_file, "rb") as imgf:
b64 = base64.b64encode(imgf.read()).decode("ascii")
return f"data:image/png;base64,{b64}"

]]] -->
<!-- [[[end]]] -->

<!--
##
## BADGES
##
-->

<!-- [[[cog
print(badge(
logo=data_url("pencil.png"), logo_color="white", label_color="eeeeee", message="Blog etc", color="888888",
text="Read my blog", link="https://nedbatchelder.com",
))
print(badge_mastodon("hachyderm.io", "nedbat"))
print(badge_bluesky("nedbat.com"))
print(badge(
logo="meetup", logo_color="red", label_color="eeeeee", message="Boston Python", color="4d7954",
text="Join us at Boston Python", link="https://about.bostonpython.com",
))
print(badge(
logo="discord", logo_color="white", label_color="7289da", message="Discord", color="ffe97c",
text="Python Discord", link="https://discord.gg/python",
))
print(badge(
logo="GitHub", label="\N{HEAVY BLACK HEART}", message="Sponsor me", color="brightgreen",
text="Sponsor me on GitHub", link="https://github.com/sponsors/nedbat",
))
print(badge_stackoverflow(userid=14343))
print(badge(
logo="python", logo_color="FFE873", label_color="306998", message="PyPI", color="4B8BBE",
text="My PyPI packages", link="https://pypi.org/user/nedbatchelder",
))
]]] -->
[](https://nedbatchelder.com)
[](https://hachyderm.io/@nedbat)
[](https://bsky.app/profile/nedbat.com)
[](https://about.bostonpython.com)
[](https://discord.gg/python)
[](https://github.com/sponsors/nedbat)
[](https://stackoverflow.com/users/14343/ned-batchelder)
[](https://pypi.org/user/nedbatchelder)
<!-- [[[end]]] -->

<!--
##
## CAUSES
##
-->

<!-- [[[cog
attrs = {"height": 75, "style": "border: 1px solid #888"}
print(md_image("https://nedbatchelder.com/pix/nokings.jpg", "No Kings", "https://nokings.org", attrs=attrs))
print("&#xa0;" * 4)
print(md_image("https://nedbatchelder.com/pix/us-flag.png", "Optimistic despite current events", "https://nedbatchelder.com/blog/202411/my_politics.html", attrs=attrs))
print("&#xa0;" * 4)
print(md_image("https://nedbatchelder.com/pix/ukraine.png", "Support Ukraine", "https://stand-with-ukraine.pp.ua/#support-ukraine", attrs=attrs))
print("&#xa0;" * 4)
print(md_image("https://nedbatchelder.com/pix/progressprideflag.png", "Pride", "https://nedbatchelder.com/blog/201207/my_mom_got_married.html", attrs=attrs))
print("&#xa0;" * 4)
print(md_image("https://nedbatchelder.com/pix/blm.jpg", "Black lives matter", "https://nedbatchelder.com/blog/202006/black_lives_matter.html", attrs=attrs))
]]] -->
[](https://nokings.org)
&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;
[](https://nedbatchelder.com/blog/202411/my_politics.html)
&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;
[](https://stand-with-ukraine.pp.ua/#support-ukraine)
&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;
[](https://nedbatchelder.com/blog/201207/my_mom_got_married.html)
&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;&#xa0;
[](https://nedbatchelder.com/blog/202006/black_lives_matter.html)
<!-- [[[end]]] -->

<!--
##
## ME
##
-->

I'm Ned Batchelder, a Python software developer and community organizer.

• My personal site is [nedbatchelder.com][nedbat].
• I'm an organizer of [Boston Python][bp].
• I'm a member of the [Python Docs Editorial Board][pdeb].

You can find me at:

• Mastodon: [@[email protected]][mastodon].
• Discord: nedbat in the [Python Discord][discord].
• Libera IRC: nedbat in [#python][libera].

<!-- ## ## BLOG POSTS ## -->

<!-- [[[cog
blogdata = requests_get_json("https://nedbatchelder.com/summary.json")

def write_blog_post(entry, twoline=False):
when = datetime.datetime.strptime(entry['when_iso'], "%Y%m%d")
print(f"- [{entry['title']}]({entry['url']}), {when:%-d %b}", end="")
if twoline:
print(f"\n{entry['description_text']} *([read..]({entry['url']}))*")
else:
print()
]]] -->
<!-- [[[end]]] -->

My latest [blog][blog] posts:

<!-- [[[cog
N_ENTRIES = 4
entries = blogdata["entries"][:N_ENTRIES]
for entry in entries:
write_blog_post(entry, twoline=True)
print("- and [many more][blog]..")
]]] -->

• A place of certainty, 14 Jul

My mother is 86, and she is declining. *(read..)*

• Dodecahedron with stars, 18 Jun

A Platonic dodecahedron decorated with an Islamic pattern. *(read..)*

• Cultural factoids of the day: 64, 16 Jun

The number 64 appears all over the place. *(read..)*

• Franklin’s parents grave, 2 Jun

There are many historical artifacts and monuments in Boston. This is one of my favorites: *(read..)*

• and [many more][blog]..

<!-- [[[end]]] -->

<!--
##
## PYPI PACKAGES
##
-->

<!-- [[[cog
pkgs = [
# (pypi name, human name, github repo, (mastserver, masthandle)),
("coverage", "Coverage.py", "coveragepy/coveragepy", ("hachyderm.io", "coveragepy")),
("cogapp", "Cog", "nedbat/cog"),
("scriv", "Scriv", "nedbat/scriv"),
("linklint", "Linklint", "nedbat/linklint"),
("dinghy", "Dinghy", "nedbat/dinghy"),
("watchgha", "WatchGHA", "nedbat/watchgha"),
]

def write_package(pkg, human, repo, mastinfo=None):
description = requests_get_json(f"https://api.github.com/repos/{repo}")["description"]
main_line = f"{human}: {description}"
pypi_badge = badge(
url=f"/pypi/v/{pkg}?style=flat",
text="PyPI",
link=f"https://pypi.org/project/{pkg}",
title=f"The {pkg} PyPI page",
)
github_badge = badge(
url=f"/github/last-commit/{repo}?logo=github&style=flat",
text="GitHub last commit",
link=f"https://github.com/{repo}/commits",
title=f"Recent {human.lower()} commits",
)
pypi_downloads_badge = badge(
url=f"/pypi/dm/{pkg}?style=flat",
text="PyPI - Downloads",

…

Collapse